![]() Knight v Snail VI: The Gastropod Conqueror (from the Gorleston Psalter, England (Suffolk), 1310-1324, Add MS 49622, f. Some more of our favourite British Library images are below, and please let us know what you think. You can leave a comment below, or we can always be reached on Twitter at Snail V: Revenge of the Snail (from the Smithfield Decretals, southern France (probably Toulouse), with marginal scenes added in England (London), c. Knight v Snail IV: The Snails Attack (from the Queen Mary Psalter, England, 1310-1320, Royal MS 2 B VII, f. This motif was part of a rich visual tradition that we can understand only imperfectly today – not that this will stop us from trying! It is possible that these images could have meant all these things and more at one time or another it is important to remember, as Michael Camille, who devoted a number of pages to this subject, once wrote: ‘marginal imagery lacks the iconographic stability of a religious narrative or icon’. ![]() Other scholars have variously described the ‘knight v snail’ motif as a representation of the struggles of the poor against an oppressive aristocracy, a straightforward statement of the snail’s troublesome reputation as a garden pest, a commentary on social climbers, or even as a saucy symbol of female sexuality. Knight v Snail III: Extreme Jousting (from Brunetto Latini's Li Livres dou Tresor, France (Picardy), c. In her famous survey of the subject, Lilian Randall proposed that the snail was a symbol of the Lombards, a group vilified in the early middle ages for treasonous behaviour, the sin of usury, and ‘non-chivalrous comportment in general.’ This interpretation accounts for why the snail is so frequently seen antagonising a knight in armour, but does not explain why the knight is often depicted on the losing end of this battle, or why this particular image became so popular in the margins of non-historical texts such as Psalters or Books of Hours. ![]() As early as 1850, the magnificently-named bibliophile the Comte de Bastard theorised that a particular marginal image of a snail was intended to represent the Resurrection, since he discovered it in two manuscripts close to miniatures of the Raising of Lazarus. There has been much scholarly debate about the significance of these depictions of snail combat. ![]() Read more on the gorgeous Gorleston marginalia, in our previous posts.) Knight v Snail II: Battle in the Margins (from the Gorleston Psalter, England (Suffolk), 1310-1324, Add MS 49622, f. But the ubiquity of these depictions doesn’t make them any less strange, and we had a long discussion about what such pictures might mean. This struck him as odd, which struck the medievalists in the group as odd surely everyone has seen this sort of thing before, right? As anyone who is familiar with 13th and 14th century illuminated manuscripts can attest, images of armed knights fighting snails are common, especially in marginalia. Knight v Snail (from a genealogical roll of the kings of England, England, 4th quarter of the 13th century, Royal MS 14 B V, membrane 3) We were examining Royal MS 14 B V, an English roll from the last part of the 13th century that contains quite a lot of marginalia, when one of our post-medieval colleagues noticed a painting of a knight engaging in combat with a snail. The moral of the story was: don’t get distracted.Recently a group of us went into our manuscripts store to have a look at some medieval genealogical rolls. She recounts a tale by Caesarius of Heisterbach about a group of fellow monks losing themselves in song - all of sudden the devil appears and collects all of their superfluous notes. “It points to those activities as against the grain,” says Drimmer, “and you only get to do them once a year, or for that moment, or in the margins of the book.”įinally, in the programme at least, Emma Dillon, Professor of Music at Kings College, London, suggests marginalia was a kind of ‘health warning’. She describes how carnival season, preceding lent, was a time when people would briefly reverse traditional roles, dress like monsters, “behave like devils and play loud music.” Some commentators saw this as a pressure valve, while others saw it as a way of reaffirming the conventional order. Sonia Drimmer, Associate Professor of Medieval Arts at the University of Massachusetts Amherst suggests that the playful element was designed to be an exception to the rule.
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